Hem=>Personal=>Bo Ekehammar

Bo Ekehammar

Professor

My research interests are focused on various personality and social psychological concepts and processes. At present, one major line of research deals with psychological processes in stereotyping and prejudice and how these phenomena can be explained by different psychological approaches. These approaches include personality psychology (social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and Big-Five personality), social psychology (situational factors, group membership, and group identification), and cognition (stereotype knowledge, stereotype activation, and stereotype inhibition). Experimental as well as correlational designs are employed to integrate these approaches.

Publications

Journal articles, books & book chapters

Bergh, R., Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (in press). The personality underpinnings of explicit and implicit generalized prejudice. Social Psychological and Personality Science.

Bergh, R., Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (in press). The compatibility of personality and social identity processes: The effect of gender identity on neuroticism. European Journal of Personality.

Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2012). Big-Five personality and prejudice. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 452-454). Berlin: Springer.

Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2011). Fördomar - mer personligt än vi trott. [Prejudice - more personal than we thought.] Tvärsnitt, 11 (3-4), 28-31.

Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., Yang-Wallentin, F. (2011). Personality and social psychological factors explaining sexism. Journal of Individual Differences, 32, 153-160.

Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., & Bergh, R. (2011). Generalized prejudice: Common and specific components. Psychological Science, 22, 57-59.

Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., Hedlund, L.-E., Yoshimura, K., Ono, Y., Ando, J., & Yamagata, S. (2010). The generality of personality heritability: Big-Five trait heritability predicts response time to trait items. Journal of Individual Differences, 31, 209-214.

Bergh, R., Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2010). Social identity and prejudiced personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 317-321.

Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., & Yang-Wallentin, F. (2009). Ethnic prejudice: A combined personality and social psychology model. Individual Differences Research, 7, 255-264.

Araya, T., & Ekehammar, B. (2009). When tolerance leads to intolerance: Accessibility effects on social judgment. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50, 325–331.

Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., Bergh, R., Dahlstrand, E., & Malmsten, S. (2009). Prejudice: The person in the situation. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 890-897.

Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Sriram, N., Lindner, N. M., Devos, T., Ayala, A., Bar-Anan, Y., Bergh, R., Cai, H., Gonsalkorale, K., Kesebir, S., Maliszewski, N., Neto, F., Olli, E., Park, J., Schnabel, K., Shiomura, K., Tulbure, B., Wiers, R. W., Somogyi, M., Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., Vianello, M., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2009). National differences in gender-science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 106, 10593-10597.

Snellman, A., Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2009). The role of gender identification in social dominance orientation: Mediating or moderating the effect of sex? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39, 999-1012.

Agerström, J., Carlsson, R., Ekehammar, B., & Rooth D.-O. (2008). Svenska arbetsgivares implicita stereotyper av arabiska muslimer och överviktiga [Swedish employers’ implicit stereotypes of Arab Muslims and obese people]. Socialvetenskaplig Tidskrift, 12, 239-256.

Batalha, L., Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2007). Outgroup favoritism: The role of power perception, gender, and conservatism. Current Research in Social Psychology, 13, 39-49.

Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2007). Personality and prejudice: From Big Five personality factors to facets. Journal of Personality, 75, 899-926.

Rautalinko, E., Lisper, H.-O., & Ekehammar, B. (2007). Reflective listening in counseling: Effects of training time and evaluator social skills. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61, 191-209.

Akrami, N., Hedlund, L.-E., & Ekehammar, B. (2007). Personality scale response latencies as self-schema indicators: The inverted-U effect revisited. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 611-618.

Gärling, T., Backenroth-Ohsako, G., & Ekehammar, B. (Eds.) (2006). Diplomacy and psychology: Prevention of armed conflicts after the cold war. London: Marshall Cavendish International.

Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., & Araya, T. (2006). Category and stereotype activation revisited. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 513-522.

Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., Claesson, M., & Sonnander K. (2006). Classical and modern prejudice: Attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27, 605-617.

Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2006). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation: Their roots in big five personality factors and facets. Journal of Individual Differences, 27, 117-126.

Ekehammar, B., & Biel, A. (2005). Social psychology in Sweden: A brief look. European Bulletin of Social Psychology, 17 (1), 16-30.

Ekehammar, B., Zuber, I., & Konstenius, M. (2005). An empirical look at the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT): Reliability and construct validity. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 46, 285-296.

Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2005). The association between implicit and explicit prejudice: The moderating role of motivation to control prejudiced reactions. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 46, 361-366.

Snellman, A., & Ekehammar, B. (2005). Ethnic hierarchies, racial prejudice, and social dominance orientation. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 1-12.

Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2005). Ethnic prejudice: The explanatory power of personality and social psychology. In B. Ekehammar, & N. Akrami (Eds.), Proceedings of the Conference on Personality, Group and Social Psychology (pp. 7-20). Uppsala, Sweden: University Press.

Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (Eds.) (2005). Proceedings of the Conference on Personality, Group and Social Psychology. Uppsala, Sweden: University Press.

Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2004). Prejudice: Personality and social psychology components. In I. Karlsson, K. Törnblom, & R. Vermunt (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth Nordic Conference on Group and Social Psychology (pp. 7-26). Skövde, Sweden: University of Skövde.

Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., Gylje, M., & Zakrisson, I. (2004). What matters most to prejudice: Big Five personality, social dominance orientation or right-wing authoritarianism? European Journal of Personality, 18, 463-482.

Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2004). Prejudice: A question of personality or social psychology, or both? International Journal of Psychology, 39, 380.

Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., & Araya, T. (2003). Gender differences in implicit prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1509-1523.

Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2003). The relation between personality and prejudice: A variable- and a person-centred approach. European Journal of Personality, 17, 449-464.

Araya, T., Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2003). Forgetting congruent and incongruent stereotypical information. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 433-449.

Araya, T., Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2003). Remembering things that never occurred: The effects of to-be-forgotten stereotypical information. Experimental Psychology, 50, 27-32.

Ekehammar, B., Zuber, I., & Simonsson-Sarnecki, M. (2002). The Defence Mechanism Test (DMT) revisited: Experimental validation using threatening and non-threatening pictures. European Journal of Personality, 16, 283-294.

Araya, T., Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., & Hedlund, L.-E. (2002). Reducing prejudice through priming of control-related words. Experimental Psychology, 49, 222-227.

Marongiu Ivarsson, S., & Ekehammar, B. (2001). Women’s entry into management: Comparing women managers and non-managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16, 301-314.

Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., & Araya, T. (2000). Development and validation of Swedish classical and modern sexism scales. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 307-314.

Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., & Araya, T. (2000). Classical and modern racial prejudice: A study of attitudes toward immigrants in Sweden. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 521-532.

Marongiu, S., & Ekehammar, B. (2000). A gender perspective on person-manager fit and managerial advancement. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 175-180.

Gärling, T., Kristensen, H., Backenroth-Ohsako, G., Ekehammar, B., & Wessells, M. G. (2000). Diplomacy and psychology: Psychological contributions to international negotiations, conflict prevention, and world peace. International Journal of Psychology, 35, 81-86.

Claesson, M., Sonnander, K., & Ekehammar, B. (2000). Attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities and social dominance: An empirical study in Sweden. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44, 192.

Marongiu, S., & Ekehammar, B. (1999). Internal and external influences on women’s and men’s entry into management. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 14, 421-433.

Ekehammar, B. & Zuber, I. (1999). In defence of the criticism of the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT): A reply to Kragh (1998). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 85-87.

Zakrisson, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1998). Social attitudes and education: Self-selection or socialization? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 117-122.

Marongiu, S., & Ekehammar, B. (1998). Gender and projective imagination of threat in achievement and affiliation situations? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 65-74.

Zuber, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1997). An empirical look at the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT): Stimulus effects. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38, 85-94.

Farkas, A., Sabucedo, J.M., Rodriguez, A., Ekehammar, B., Plichtova, & Pecjak, V. (1995). Significado diferencial de conceptos politicos estudio comparativo de muestras Españolas y Europeas.[Different perceptions of political concepts comparing parts of Spain and other European countries.] Psicologia Politica, 10, 25-43.

Farkas, A., & Ekehammar, B. (1994). Expectancies and experiences: Swedish-Hungarian comparison of judgement of political concepts. In J. Musek & M. Polic (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Alps-Adria Symposium in Psychology, Ljubljana, 1993 (ss. 101-108). Ljubljana, Slovenia: University of Ljubljana Press.

Farkas, A., Ekehammar, B., Pecjak, V., Plichtová, J., Rodriguez, A., & Sabucedo, J. (1994). Reference frameworks of political concepts: East-West comparison. In J. Musek & M. Polic (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Alps-Adria Symposium in Psychology, Ljubljana, 1993 (ss. 109-118). Ljubljana, Slovenia: University of Ljubljana Press.

Farkas, A., & Ekehammar, B. (1992). The structure of political concepts in transitional and stable societies: East-West comparisons. International Journal of Psychology, 27, 557. (Abstract)[PDF]

Nilsson, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1991). Reliability and construct validity of a Swedish social attitude scale for children. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 32, 208-217.

Nilsson, I., Crafoord, J., Hedengren, M., & Ekehammar, B. (1991). The Sociomoral Reflection Measure: Applicability to Swedish children and adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 32, 48-56.

Dornic, S., Ekehammar, B., & Laaksonen, T. (1991). Tolerance for mental effort: Self-ratings related to perception, performance, and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 313-319.

Lynn, R., Abdel-Khalek, A., Almeida, L.S., Ardila, R., Baba, A., Bae, K., Balkir, B., Chan, J., Chuang, C.-J., Dalbokova, D., Davis, C., Donolo, D., Dosnon, O., Ekehammar, B., Gendre, F., Glenn, B., Hosin, A., Jindal, S., Kagitcibasi, C., Kakati, R., Khaleque, A., Kiountouzis, C., Kirkcaldy, B., Lester, D., Lojk, L., Manso-Pinto, J., Martinez Selva, J., Maurer, A., Mwamwenda, T.S., Meuris, G., Mirjafari, A., Mohan, J., Nanci, M.N., Nunns, C., Pitariu, M., Rim, Y., Robinson, D., Rose, P., Salazar, J.M., Scott, R., Singer, M., Solis-Camara, P., Svebak, S., Tachibana, J., Tan, E., Tapia, C., Yamauchi, H., Zenova, B., & Zhuang, L.Z. (1991). The secret of the miracle economy: Different national attitudes to competitiveness and money. Exeter, UK.: Social Affairs Unit.

Dornic, S., & Ekehammar, B. (1990). Extraversion, neuroticism, and noise sensitivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 989-992.

Ekehammar, B. & Dornic, S. (1990). Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale: Reliability and construct validity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 129-130.

Nilsson, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1990). A new Swedish social attitude scale: Reliability and construct validity. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 31, 55-64.

Buss, D. M., Abbott, M., Angleitner, A., Asherian, A., Biaggio, A., Blanco-Villasenor, A., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Ch'u H.-Y., Czapinski, J., De Raad, B., Ekehammar, B., El Lohamy, N., Fioravanti, M., Georgas, J., Gjerde, P., Guttman, R., Hazan, F., Iwawaki, S., Janakiramaiah, N., Khosroshani, F., Kreitler, S., Lachenicht, L., Lee, M., Liik, K., Little, B., Mika, S., Moadel-Shahid, M., Moane, G., Montero, M., Mundy-Castle, A.C., Niit, T., Nsendeluka, E., Pienkowski, R., Pirttila-Backman, A.-M., Ponce de Leo, J., Rousseau, J., Runco, M.A., Safir, M.P., Samuels, C., Sanitioso, R., Serpell, R., Smid, N., Spencer, C., Tadinac, M., Todorova, E.N., Troland, K., Van den Brande, L., Van Heck, G., Van Langenhove, L., & Yang, K.-S. (1990). International preferences in selecting mates: A study of 37 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 5-47.

Nilsson, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1989). Social attitudes and beliefs in heredity: A replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 363-365.

Ekehammar, B., Nilsson, I., & Sidanius, J. (1989). Social attitudes and social status: A multivariate and multinational analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 203-208.

Ekehammar, B., Sidanius, J., & Nilsson, I. (1988). Social class perception and social status among Swedish youth. International Journal of Psychology, 23, 41-50.

Dornic, S., & Ekehammar, B. (1988). Note on self-rated second-language proficiency. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 40-42.

Zuber, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1988). Personality, time of day, and visual perception: Preferences and selective attention. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 345-352.

Sidanius, J., Brewer, R., Banks, E., & Ekehammar, B. (1987). Ideological constraint, political interest and gender: A Swedish-American comparison. European Journal of Political Research, 15, 471-492.

Ekehammar, B., Sidanius, J., & Nilsson, I. (1987). Social status: Construct and external validity. Journal of Social Psychology, 127, 473-481.

Ekehammar, B., Nilsson, I., & Sidanius, J. (1987). Education and ideology: Basic aspects of education related to adolescents' sociopolitical attitudes. Political Psychology, 8, 395-410.

Nilsson, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1987). Person-positivity bias in political perception? European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 247-252.

Sidanius, J., Ekehammar, B., & Brewer, R.M. (1986). The political socialization determinants of higher order sociopolitical space: A Swedish example. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 7-22.

Nilsson, I., & Ekehammar, B. (1986). Sociopolitical ideology and field of study. Educational Studies, 12, 37-46.

Ekehammar, B. (1985). Women and research: Perceptions, attitudes, and choice in Sweden. Higher Education, 14, 693-721.

Nilsson, I., Ekehammar, B., & Sidanius, J. (1985). Education and socio-political attitudes. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 29, 1-15.

Ekehammar, B. (1985). Sex differences in sociopolitical attitudes revisited. Educational Studies, 11, 3-9.

Ekehammar, B., Sidanius, J., & Däcker, M.-L. (1984). Political defection and psycho-social factors in the home. Journal of Social Psychology, 123, 253-260.

Ekehammar, B., Sidanius, J., & Nilsson, I. (1984). Evaluative perceptions of Swedish politicians across time. European Journal of Political Research, 12, 109-117.

Ekehammar, B. (1983). Review of "Sex-role opinions as conceptual schemata in 3-12 year old Swedish children". Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 24, 347.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1983). Sex, political party preference, and higher-order dimensions of sociopolitical ideology. Journal of Psychology, 115, 233-239.

Sidanius, J., Ekehammar, B., & Lukowsky, J. (1983). Social status and socio-political ideology among Swedish youth. Youth and Society, 14, 395-415.

Sidanius, J., Ekehammar, B., & Lukowsky, J. (1982). Socio-political ideology and party conflict in Sweden. Mankind Quarterly, 7, 3-25.

Ekehammar, B. & Sidanius, J. (1982). Sex differences in sociopolitical attitudes: A replication and extension. British Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 249-257.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1982). Test of a biological model for explaining sex differences in sociopolitical ideology. Journal of Psychology, 110, 191-195.

Ekehammar, B. & Hjortzberg-Nordlund, F. (1981). Comparing two approaches to job perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 53, 691-701.

Ekehammar, B. & Sidanius, J. (1980). Negative similarities versus correlational similarities. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 15, 95-98.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1980). Sex-related differences in sociopolitical ideology. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 21, 17-26.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B., & Ross, M. (1979). Comparisons of sociopolitical attitudes in two democratic societies. International Journal of Psychology, 14, 225-240.

Ekehammar, B. & Sidanius, J. (1979). Political perception dimensions based on negative similarities. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 49, 19-26.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1979). Political socialization: A multivariate analysis of Swedish political attitude and preference data. European Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 265-279.

Ekehammar, B. & Magnusson, D. (1978). Co-frequency ratings of anxiety reactions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46, 1215-1224.

Ekehammar, B. (1978). Psychological cost-benefit as an intervening construct in career choice models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12, 279-289.

Magnusson, D., & Ekehammar, B. (1978). Similar situations - similar behaviors? Journal of Research in Personality, 12, 41-48.

Ekehammar, B. (1978). Toward a psychological cost-benefit model for educational and vocational choice. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 19, 15-27.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1977). Cognitive differentiation and sociopolitico ideology: An exploratory study. Psychological Reports, 41, 203-211.

Ekehammar, B. & Sidanius, J. (1977) Political perception and political preference: An exploratory study of Swedish political parties. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 18, 285-295.

Ekehammar, B. (1977). Test of a psychological cost-benefit model for career choice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 10, 245-260.

Ekehammar, B. (1977). Intelligence and social background as related to psychological cost-benefit in career choice. Psychological Reports, 40, 963-970.

Nystedt, L., Kuusinen, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1976). Structural representations of person perception: A comparison between own and provided constructs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 17, 223-233.

Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1976). Cognitive functioning and sociopolitical ideology: A multidimensional and individualized analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 17, 205-216.

Endler, N.S., Magnusson, D., Ekehammar, B., & Okada, M. (1976). The multi-dimensionality of state and trait anxiety. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 17, 81-96.

Magnusson, D., & Ekehammar, B. (1975). Perceptions of and reactions to stressful situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 1147-1154.

Ekehammar, B., Schalling, D., & Magnusson, D. (1975). Dimensions of stressful situations: A comparison between a response analytical and a stimulus analytical approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10, 155-164.

Magnusson, D., & Ekehammar, B. (1975). Anxiety profiles based on both situational and response factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10, 27-43.

Ekehammar, B. (1974). Interactionism in personality from a historical perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 1026-1048.

Ekehammar, B. (1974). Sex differences in self-reported anxiety for different situations and modes of response. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 15, 154-160.

Ekehammar, B., Magnusson, D., & Ricklander, L. (1974). An interactionist approach to the study of anxiety: An analysis of an S-R inventory applied to an adolescent sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 15, 4-14.

Ekehammar, B. & Magnusson, D. (1974). Relative contributions of different sources of variance to confidence ratings. Journal of Psychology, 86, 81-85.

Ekehammar, B. (1973). A look at "Another look at the reanalysis of the multi-dimensional scaling of Rorschach percepts". Perceptual and Motor Skills, 37, 266.

Ekehammar, B. & Magnusson, D. (1973a). Decision time as a function of subjective confidence and amount of information. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 36, 329-330.

Ekehammar, B. & Magnusson, D. (1973b). Intertrait correlations as a function of amount of judgemental information about the ratee. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 36, 373-374.

Magnusson, D., & Ekehammar, B. (1973). An analysis of situational dimensions: A replication. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 8, 331-339.

Ekehammar, B. & Magnusson, D. (1973). A method to study stressful situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 176-179.

Ekehammar, B. (1972). Multidimensional scaling according to different vector models for subjective similarity. Acta Psychologica, 36, 79-84.

Ekehammar, B. (1972). A comparative study of some multidimensional vector models for subjective similarity. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 13, 190-197.

Ekehammar, B. (1972). Two multidimensional methods applied to two types of stimuli. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 34, 535-542.

Ekehammar, B. (1971). A psychophysical approach to the study of individuals' perceptions of Rorschach cards. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 33, 951-965.